​权利法案的简介及影响

　　《权利法案》，又译《人权法案》(英文：United States Bill of Rights)指的是美国宪法中第一至第十条宪法修正案。《人权法案》是美国历史上的一个重要组成部分，尽管社会经历了许多二百多年的变化，但这些修正案的解释和应用在今天还是至关重要的。下面是古宫历史网小编为你整理的权利法案的简介及影响，希望对你有用!

　　美国权利法案的历史稿件(美国国家文件与档案局珍藏)

　　权利法案的10条修正案包括：

　　第一条：言论、宗教、和平集会自由; 第二条：持有与佩戴武器的权利; 第三条：免于民房被军队征用; 第四条：免于不合理的搜查与扣押; 第五条：正当程序(Due Process)、一罪不能两判、禁止逼供、禁止剥夺私人财产; 第六条：未经陪审团不可定罪以及被控告方的其他权利; 第七条：民事案件中要求陪审团的权利; 第八条：禁止过度罚金与酷刑; 第九条：未被列入的其他权利同样可以受到保护; 第十条：人民保留未经立法的权利;

　　第一条AmendmentI

　　Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

　　译文：国会不得制定关于下列事项的法律：确立国教或禁止信教自由;剥夺言论自由或出版自由;或剥夺人民和平集会和向政府请愿伸冤的权利。

　　第二条AmendmentII

　　A well regulated Militia being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed.

　　译文：纪律严明的民兵是保障自由州的安全所必需的，人民持有和携带武器的权利不可侵犯。

　　第三条AmendmentIII

　　No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

　　译文：未经房主同意，士兵平时不得驻扎在任何住宅;除依法律规定的方式，战时也不得驻扎。

　　第四条AmendmentIV

　　The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

　　译文：人民的人身、住宅、文件和财产不受无理搜查和扣押的权利，不得侵犯。除依据可能成立的理由，以宣誓或代誓宣言保证，并详细说明搜查地点和扣押的人或物，不得发出搜查和扣押状。

　　第五条AmendmentV

　　No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

　　译文：除非根据大陪审团的报告或起诉书，任何人不受死罪或其他重罪的审判，但发生在陆、海军中或发生在战时或出现公共危险时服役的民兵中的案件除外;任何人不得因同一犯罪行为而两次遭受生命或身体的危害;不得在任何刑事案件中被迫自证其罪;不经正当法律程序，不得被剥夺生命、自由或财产。不给予公平赔偿，私有财产不得充作公用。

　　第六条AmendmentVI

　　In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

　　译文：在一切刑事诉讼中，被告有权由犯罪行为发生地的州和地区的公正陪审团予以迅速和公开的审判，该地区应事先已由法律确定;得知控告的性质和理由;同原告证人对质;以强制 程序取得对其有利的证人;并取得律师帮助为其辩护。

　　第七条AmendmentVII

　　In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.